What Is Hip Replacement Surgery?
Hip replacement surgery, also known as total hip arthroplasty, is a medical procedure where a damaged hip joint is replaced with an artificial implant. This surgery is commonly recommended for patients with severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis, or hip fractures.
Who Needs Hip Replacement Surgery?
Doctors may recommend hip replacement surgery for individuals experiencing:
- Chronic hip pain that interferes with daily activities
- Stiffness and reduced range of motion
- Severe arthritis or joint degeneration
- Hip fractures due to injury or osteoporosis
- Failure of previous hip surgery
Benefits of Hip Replacement Surgery
- Pain Relief: Eliminates chronic hip pain and discomfort.
- Improved Mobility: Enhances movement and flexibility.
- Better Quality of Life: Enables patients to perform daily activities without limitations.
- Long-lasting Results: Modern hip implants last 15–20 years or longer.
Types of Hip Replacement Surgery
Total Hip Replacement (THR)
Total hip replacement involves replacing both the femoral head (ball) and the acetabulum (socket) with prosthetic components.
Partial Hip Replacement (Hemiarthroplasty)
In this procedure, only the femoral head is replaced, while the natural socket is left intact. It is often performed for hip fractures.
Hip Resurfacing
A conservative alternative to total hip replacement, hip resurfacing involves capping the femoral head with a metal covering rather than replacing it completely.
Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement
This modern technique uses smaller incisions, leading to a quicker recovery time and less post-operative pain.
The Hip Replacement Surgery Procedure
Anesthesia
The procedure is performed under either general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia, depending on the patient's health.
Incision & Joint Removal
The surgeon makes an incision to access the hip joint and removes the damaged cartilage and bone.
Implant Placement
Artificial components, made of metal, ceramic, or plastic, are placed in the hip joint to restore function.
Closure & Recovery
The incision is closed with sutures, and the patient is moved to the recovery room.
Recovery After Hip Replacement Surgery
1. Hospital Stay: Most patients stay in the hospital for 1-3 days postsurgery, depending on their condition.
2. Pain Management: Pain is controlled through medications, including opioids, NSAIDs, and local anesthetics.
3. Physical Therapy: A structured rehabilitation program helps restore mobility and strength in the hip joint.
4. Post-Surgery Care at Home: Avoid high-impact activities like running and jumping. Use assistive devices such as a walker or cane as needed.
Follow a balanced diet to promote healing.
Risks and Complications of Hip Replacement Surgery
While hip replacement is generally safe, some risks include:
- Infection: Can occur at the surgical site.
- Blood Clots: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a potential complication.
- Implant Dislocation: The artificial joint may shift from its position.
- Leg Length Discrepancy: Some patients may experience a slight difference in leg length.